they were navigable by a hotkey or a gesture assigned to a landmark (or region) navigation available within a particular screen reader. Results: Header, Nav, Aside and Main were interpreted by screen readers the same way as corresponding Aria landmarks, i.e. That is why Narrator was tested only with Edge, whereas NVDA and JAWS were not tested with Edge.

At the same time Narrator supports Edge, but its functionality with other browsers is extremely limited. Tests were conducted with the following screen readers on the following platforms: JAWS 2019 on Chrome 73 and Firefox 69 (Windows 10), NVDA 2019.2 on Chrome and Firefox (Windows), Narrator on Edge 11 (Windows), TalkBack 8 on Chrome 76 and Firefox 68.1 (Android 11), VoiceOver on Safari (iOS 12.4).Įdge is still not well supported by JAWS and NVDA. The following elements were tested: Section, Article, Header, Footer, Nav, Aside, Main and Form were tested with Aria-Label, Aria-LabelledBy and Title attributes. Attention should even be paid to elements listed as ones which directly define ARIA landmarks (see HTML Sectioning Elements: ARIA Landmarks Example), because various screen readers on various browsers may not support a particular element. Actually only some of these elements are fully equivalent to ARIA roles, so they should be used very carefully. HTML5 offers a number of sectioning elements, which might be perceived as equivalent to Aria roles. (Please note that the Edge browser has been updated since this testing was conducted.) HTML5 sectioning elements and screen readers Level 2: Screen reader View Firefox extension.Level 2: WCAG2 for content authors and managers.Level 2: Managing accessibility testing.Level 2: HTML5, Forms, ARIA and JavaScript features.Level 2: Tagging PDFs for accessibility.Level 2: Creating accessible Word documents.Level 2: Accessibility in the web development lifecycle.Level 2: User testing with people with disabilities with assistive technologies.

Level 2: Video transcripts, captions and audio descriptions.

Level 2: Accessible Word, PDFs, PowerPoint and HTML documents.

Level 2: Accessibility testing during the web development lifecycle.

Level 2: Testing mobile sites and native apps for accessibility.

Level 2: Testing websites and applications for accessibility.

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